Guillain-Barre Syndrome Essay Example for Free

Guillain-Barre Syndrome EssayGuillain-Barre syndrome is a disorder in which your ashess immune system of rules attacks your nerves. The exact cause of this syndrome is unknown, but it is however a good deal preceded by an infectious illness such as a respiratory infection or the go flu. Luckily Guillain-Barre syndrome is uncommon, only affecting 1 or 2 peck per 100,000. Guillain-Barre syndrome often begins with tingling and weakness starting in your feet and legs and spreading to upper body and arms. In some people however, signals begin in the arms or even face. As the disorder progresses, muscle weakness can evolve into paralysis. Signs and symptom may include * Prickling, pins and needle sensations in fingers, toes or both * Weakness or tingling in legs that spreads to upper body * Unsteady walking or inability to walk * Difficulty in eye movement, facial movement, speaking, chewing or swallowing * Severe low back pain * Difficult in vesica/intestinal control functions * Rapid heart rate * Low or high blood pressure * Difficulty in breathing Most people with this experience their most significant weakness within 4 weeks after symptoms begin.In some cases, signs and symptoms may progress very rapidly, within a some hours. Guillain-Barre can affect all age groups. May be triggered by most commonly an infection with Campylobacter, a type of bacteria found often in undercooked food, especially poultry. Mycoplasma pneumonia, surgery, Epstein-Barr virus, influenza, Hodgkins disease, mono, HIV, and rarely rabies or influenza immunizations. This syndrome affects your nerves and may prompt a domino-like effect in other systems in your body. Some complications may include breathing difficulties.Residual numbness/tingling, full recovery may be slow often taking a yr or longer, however between 20 and 30 % of patients have an incomplete recovery. Cardiovascular problems. Pain. Blood clots. Pressure sores. Guillain-Barre can be difficult to diagnose in its ea rly stages. The first step is a careful review of your medical history. Then a spinal tap, and nerve tests. The most common intervention is plasmapheresis- which is also known as plasma exchange. Intravenous immunoglobulin. And as recovery begind physical therapy usually is needed to help regain strength and proper movement.

Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet EssayRomeo and Juliet is a story about two star crossed heatrs. Who fall deeply in love with each outher the moment they meet. At the beginning of the play Juliet is a child same(p) innocent little girl. She does what constantly her mother and sky pilot tell her to do, I can tell this by when her mother calls her she runs to her mother, and her first words to her mother are madam what is your will? Here she expresses that she is ready to do as she is told. She knows no occasion about the world. This is because she has been educated at home.If Juliet does need to go out of the house it is always with the accompany of the suck in or her mother. Juliet is very good to her dumbfound. The first rapid change we see within Juliet, the innocent little girl. This happens the minute she meets Romeo. She turns really devious. This all happens after Juliet has kissed Romeo, he is about to set wrap up home. Juliet wants to know what his name is, so she asks the nur se, the names of outher young men before actually asking Romeos name. Whats he that now is going out of door? Marry, that I think be young petruchio Whats he that follows thither, that would not dance? here she is referring to Romeo. When the nurse does not know his name Juliet sends the nurse to go and ask him. When the nurse returns she tells Juliet his name is Romeo, and a Montague, the only son of your great enemy. This is the first step Juliet takes where she starts to develop her changes from an innocent girl to a young lady who has to make a decision for herself. This is where Juliet has to make a decision whether or not to for go Romeo or to still think of him knowing that he is one of her great enemies.This is also one of the decisions she has to make on her avouch, without her mother or anyone knowing. Even though she is crafty Juliet is also rather levelheaded. She shows this when Romeo is deeply in love with Juliet and all he talks about in love non-stop. With l oves light wings did I oerperch these, walls, for story limits cannot hold love out and what love can do, that dares love onset therefore the kinsmen are no stop to me. At this moment Romeo is scantily to deeply in love, and does not really think of what he is saying or doing.Whereas Juliet is much down to earth, and reminds Romeo if what danger he could be in. If they do see thee, they will murder thee. It is still the same wickedness she met Romeo, Juliet turns from a child like daughter into a young lady who just does what she feels like doing. This happens when Juliet purposes to Romeo and asks him to send her his answer the next day. At this point Juliet does not really think of what she is doing, Juliet takes things into her own reach and does not bother thinking of the consequences.Juliet does not even ask anyone else before she asks Romeo to marry him, but instead takes matters into her own hands. One other thing that changes about Juliet is that she does not wait for R omeo to bring up the marriage, but brings it up her self. Which is unusual for the girl to be the one that suggests marriage. After taking matters into her own hands Juliet also becomes very demanding, and impatient, something that you would not expect an nai ve girl to be come like in such short meter. The clock struck none when I did send the nurseIn half an hour she promised to return therefore here Juliet remembers how long the nurse had told she would take and Juliet had remembered, this also shows that Juliet has kept track of time and has been counting each minute the nurse has been. When the nurse does finally return with the answer Juliet does not lat her sit down knowing she is out of breath, she just wants to her the reply back. solely the nurse who just wants to play around with Juliet gives her a surd time, by not telling her the answer.When Juliet says sweet, sweet, sweet Nurse, tell me, what says my love? repetition sweet three times Juliet sweet talks her way b ack to the nurse, which makes the nurse to give in. Juliet becomes very romantic and, loving. This is another one of Juliets changes after she meets Romeo. But to be frank and give it the again And yet I wish but for the thing I have. My bounty is as boundless as the sea, my love as deep the more I give to thee, the more I have, for both are infinite.Juliet here is saying all this to Romeo and expressing her love to him, so oft that she says my love as deep the more I give to thee the more love she gives to Romeo the more I have for both are infinite the more never ending love she holds inside her. Wilt thou be gone? It is not near day. It was the nightingale, and not the lark this is when Romeo and Juliet have spent the night in Juliets bedroom, mourning has broke but Juliet denies that it is mourning when she says it was the nightingale the bird that comes out at night, and that it was not the lark the bird that comes in the mourning.So here Juliet denies that it is mourning b ecause being with Romeo makes time fly past. Therefore this is where Juliet is not the sensible one, and this is the point where Juliet is in an adoring mood. Juliet also shows integrity by saying no to her marriage with Paris. This is where she takes things the hard way. What she could have done she could have married Paris and forget all about Romeo as he was banished. But she loved Romeo and took the hard way. There is another frantic change in Juliet. Being with Romeo has also made her very brave.The first brave aspect we see in Juliet is when she marries her fathers enemys son, Romeo. well-read what can happen to Romeo and her she still takes the big step in marring Romeo. She is also exceedingly brave when she tells her father that she will not marry Paris. Not high you have, but thankful that you have. Proud can I never be of what I hate, but thankful even for hate that is meant love. This is the first time ever she has disobeyed her father. Making her point loud and clea r in saying no to marring Paris. She is also very brave when she takes the potion.At first she cant wait to get her hands on the potion, give me give me. Knowing the potion can go wrong and if she does showing before Romeo has got to her. When I am laid into the tomb, I wake before the time that Romeo comes to re deem me. She still takes the potion for her loves sake. Again she is extremely brave when she kills herself when she sees Romeo dead on the floor Juliet sees the dagger as some assort of cover that will protect her from everything that is happing and take her to her Romeo O happy daggerThis is thy sheath, there rust, and let me die. On the whole I think Juliet does what she does because of the difficulties this feud has caused for her blood with Romeo. I also think that it is good that Juliet changed throughout the story because if she did stay as an innocent girl she would have never gone as furthest as marring Romeo. Throughout the whole play every change that sh e made helped her in many ways. If Juliet did not turn crafty or disloyal to her father she would have never ended up dieing with Romeo. Hansa Saleem 11E Romeo and Juliet essay.

Impact Of Globalization On Sustainable Development Politics Essay

Impact Of Globalization On sustainable Development administration EssayGlobalization as a much analyzed process seems to need become increasingly much attention to political and economic specialists all currently giving them different meanings.According to some analysts1, globalisation is merely an illusion that merely sniffing the existence of nation states and the importance of minimizing them. For others, especially the means by which strategy and form _or_ system of government to follow is to obtain and annihilation of new markets, globalization reflect either reduction of existing barriers in the way of their expansion.Presenting and analyzing the expression of a transnational phenomenon is perpetuated see how globalization occurs. Corporations shoot come to power regular(a) a state, some significant performance far exceeding their GDP.Resources of developing states atomic number 18 swallowed by these corporations, nations are imp all overished every day whether its o wn resources, human, material, energy or otherwise. Arise in strategic geographical areas, where in that location is significant potentiality advantageous in terms of available resources and activities, not least to use as a cheap compass and it can be as polish as the performance they hold in the country of origin.For example, environmental protection regulations are more stringent in the country of origin than in countries where they have implanted the new subsidiaries, and their policies in this area are designed to change the situation.Globalization is perceived as the less developed not represent no advantage but rather a loss for them. There are differences in the societies of much(prenominal) countries, where the polarity is looming gap that exists betwixt people very cryptic and very poor people, middle class is n angiotensin-converting enzymexistent. An objective examination of the globalization process, confirms that the economic benefits tend more towards develope d countries and the major economic powers, transnational corporations which father their origin. As man financial mechanism operates through its institutions IMF, World Bank, World Trade Organization favors dominated by major economic powers in the whelm proportion of the developed countries involved in granting loans, the implementation of foreign direct investment, institutions, transnational companies and state lending obtain higher profits. Globalization is an irreversible human race and any country that thoroughly prepares its future is urged to interfere with it.JE Stiglitz says as globalization as it unfolds today is beneficial for many of the poor founding. It is beneficial to the environment. It is beneficial to the constancy of world providence. The transition from communism to a market economy was so bad that, excluding China, Vietnam and several Eastern European countries, poverty has grown and incomes have declined drastically.2 sentiment on global societyGlobali zation appears to be the structuring of the global society, several referenceistics of a) as a form of modernity is likely post-national global company, b) processes aimed at developments over after failure of international processes, the Internationals of all colors to institutional arrangements for intergovernmental cooperation c) has the consistency of a constructivist process, institutional architecture, based on the rules of the game no conflict (nonviolent), and reckon risk post yielding criteria, human and ecological systems and post-industrial creative post corporatist d) is capitalist process (in the classical sense and historical), innovative in terms of resources ( familiarity added pry mainly), with non-market wealth gain (solve the problem 20 versus 80 percent, including by means ethicist) is Diversity matching process unit.These characteristics are the result of realizing an effective principle of competition, the inwrought aspect of all is contestable, there is no t definitive, hierarchies are dynamic, entrances and exits are truly liberated. Based on the principle of open competition and always repeated, globalization comes with a new order in which it is trying to not be possible in the history of old neuroses. From this standpoint, globalization is a second modernity the world3, triggered by the industrial revolutions and national cleavages that have brought the relationship inter (national) and intra (office), or international enmity and conflict as class struggle including social conflicts of post-industrial era.4As Professor Dinu Marin said globalization is perceived as inadequate in two ways a) as a new concept that boost tenacity of control of variables of general and b) as a solution to congestion expected understanding of the limitations of access to power in the international system. In the first translation of globalization is accredited as a formula that preserves the world configuration, while the second version is designed to perpetuate top-down functions of the international system. If there were statistically consistent cover an area of preference, the two ways of loading the concept of globalization should be simple speculation. Academia alignments are similarly affiliated to these visions5.Before the national economy was determined by the interplay of processes that were taking place especially in the member nations, the global economy today is specific to the stoppage in which national economies are decomposed and then rearticulate within a system of trans work ons and processes that operate directly internationally. It emphasizes qualitative leap compared with the previous stages nation states, governments also lose their ability to influence developments in national economies, instead of succumbing to regional entities, which are points of underpin in multinational network.Globalization of economic activity proposed benefits arising from differences between the countries of the world, differe nces that forms the source of profits.To exploit these advantages, the geographic mobility of firms has add-ond, representing an aspect of payoff relocation contemporary realities.Economic globalization will be formally completed when the goods, services, capital and labor will flow freely, and governments and local authorities in any country will treat firms equally, irrespective of nationality or origin. The process will end when the differences between the countries of the world will not be generating sufficient benefits to allow for some profit.In the process of globalization, they play a secondary role and the other dimensions such as culture, environment, society and politics that are seen in their likeness can be seen that they can not be clearly demarcated from each other.Global environmental problems can not be studied in isolation nor the size of economy size or political. The global network among the actors and at the thematic areas is integrity of the features of globa lization.There are issues related to other areas such as atmospheric warming, ozone hole, or cutting of tropical forests to illustrate the most impressive phenomenon of globalization, it is certainly roughly the global problem requiring a global approach.In the field of environment are regional and local issues, even if they sometimes have a character beyond the boundaries such as river pollution.The social dimension is underlined by the fact that the world has become a global village, innovative networks of long distance communication (chat, e-mail, forums) by adding traditional communities such as family or neighborhood.The political dimension is encountered major problems. Globalization and competition locally restricted area of national policy action many problems can not be adequately addressed until the international and global level. Therefore European integration is seen as a flourishing response to globalization challenges.Regional and national policy level and has had t o suffer from bounded and dematerialized economy practiced increasingly more international and global level. Capitalism, integrating factor of the welfare state is threatened by fundamental imbalance.I can point out that globalization is a phenomenon or a complex, sometimes contradictory, which was viewed and analyzed in different ways by different specialists.Beyond these assumptions, globalization remains a fact, that we must face, our fault or choice. The greatest insecurity that it may involve some of the dehumanizing globalization is that the wave simply swallows them.Globalized world live in a general crisis of the meaning of life and a ethnic and educational disaster, worrying symptom of future wilderness society.The traditional culture of the company disappears or is transformed into the show or freight. Humanistic culture is eliminated more invasive than techno-science and turned into a pseudo-science. Universal and globalized man, the man focused only money, it risk bec ome atomized man who lives only for the production and consumption, empty of culture, politics, purpose, conscience, religion, etc. and any transcendence. This is the last stage in the evolution of humanity or the last man.Commercial and economic factors that influenced the deepening globalization of the world economy are repose trade in services in particular in telecommunications, insurance and banking, the prevailing trend of the 70s made in the USA, being continued in the 80s in Britain and later the European Union and Japan. The trend continues today, including Central and Eastern European countries, including Romania. Liberalization of capital markets following the phasing out of barriers imposed currency controls and capital, is a coercive step for the formation of global financial markets. This mobility of capital reduces the return risk capital especially for transnational companies and recorded a reduction in be in normal conditions. Liberalization of foreign direct inv estment. Since the 70s, the roughhewn interest of humanity to defend the environment has materialized through the emergence of concepts, global vocation the common good of humanity, sustainable development and ecological security, which represented new factors which stimulate the process of globalization of economy world. Common property of humanity are areas such as oceans, marine funds, which for various reasons can not be divided and not covered by state sovereignty. Out of the oceans, none of these common goods have not been polished as it is reported that people possess the technical capabilities and operational deterioration. Sustainable development is beg offed as development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Sustainable development is designed for reconciliation between economy and environment, as a new development path to support human progress not only in a few places and for some years, but over the pla net and for the foreseeable future. Environmental security is one of the key dimensions of global security (see Fig. 1.).Fig. 1. Determinants of globalization economySource Authors proposalBeing under the limit and dictate the uncertainties, the economy develops its own mechanism to increase the role of markets in which national, regional and global equilibrium conditions ensure advancement.Can support growth and fulfillment of individual welfare, but also reflects the globalization of serious-minded mutation phenomena poverty amidst plenty, environmental degradation, loss of confidence in institutions, inflation and unemployment.6Growth focuses on the quantitative aspect of economic development, the production of goods and services which squanders scarce resources becoming a growth that impoverishes, polarizing irrational in terms of production possibilities frontier. Wrestling with the uncertainties of life creates a bridge to the complexity of the concept of globalization which transmits a message to mankind, a new movement of life and divided their externalities, controlling and negative, transnational territorial perimeters7.Globalization of life and human spirit derives from the need to explain the uncertainty that is the sum of all potential hazards around us, seen or not8. Certainty in turn, would be a sign of fulfillment, a sign of distinction, a sign of growth to move toward equilibrium mirage advance, thereby constituting a planetary scale factor of progress.Wealth supreme and absolute misery brings us into a world of certainties positive or negative, brings the human wealth of us to want an unreal world, a world dominated by an unfulfilled wish of Hyperion, a world in which we have certainty about life, when dirt thrown into chaos, the human species, of which some come out winners, and some bends in the uncertainties of life.increase significance of international trade, value added network and the scope and intensity of development, make globali zation a subordinate of the World Cup, but also an innovative advantage by changing mindsets and adapt to the demands imposed by the global village.Sustainable global developmentMaking progress using scientific knowledge and live of living life in full wellness service jointly comprised of people, environment, families and institutions shows a forward-looking company that is based on mobility, disciplinary action and a creative individual who goes beyond the human.A healthy development seen from the perspective of time and blank harmonious coexistence and succession of generations leave alones to an improvement value of paradigm on the one hand, rational and emotional valence and another value of the solution, the rethinking of human development.9As a process, sustainable development has the opportunity to refresh and rush to the global economic balance this with the future without forgetting the past. Now, sustainable development is viewed from three different angles, complex, which united, form an equilateral triangle that viewed from the perspective of the entire global economic, environmental and socio-political. (See Fig. 2.)Fig. 2. Sustainable global developmentSource Authors proposalSustainable development is aimed at the needs of present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Sustainability is based on the idea that human activities are dependent on environment and resources.Health, social security and economic stability of society are essential to define fictional character of life. Sustainable development would not be possible without the contribution of each individual.Here is the social responsibility of each of us, national and global responsibility seen as a final goal towards which humanity is heading.Globalization based on a new reality feeling Sustainability, a new mode of action and thought, a process exacerbated by global economic integration.Different vision of globalization landscape meets the loca tion and functions of the market, but also a place in the economy. Moreover, the image associated with globalization era expected global convergence, a transition of mankind towards a way to organize economic and social history unappreciated until now.10Globalization is in fact an extension towards sustainable development, to economic integration, a time-space compression, which means short processing complex, which is in full swing, the parameters of the human condition.11Time and space is so different, and mankind reaches the threshold phenomenon of absolute development, where sustainability is a paradigm.Humanity is heading towards a kind type of powerful transnational or internationalized.If globalization economy towards which we move in the transnational patterns means that national and international lines are replaced by interacting with a something vague, nebulous and vaguely defined12Now globalization is weak, internationalization rising from shadow of the state mechanisms are altered and raised to new conditions. The phenomenon of globalization is based on a form of existence that comes from the universe, which the infinity of the cryptic without borders, where people and economy are the default.The forces of globalization are influencing each other. (See Fig. 3.)Fig. 3. Globalization forcesSource Authors proposalWorldwide observe the phenomenon of oligopoly, a phenomenon that is globalization to be seen as a marginalized development.Globalization runs its intentions increasingly evident, it became the expression of a system that integrates the highest level and always remains open to integration13. Exclusion of the system is an exceptional opportunity, and penetration is liberalized, as the whole is designed to absorb the extreme variations, including failures, even if it is a part. Globalization looks like a new world order, one that is multidimensional and corollary. As a strategy, globalization is the direct expression, verifiable and demonstr able of rationality and reason.Globalization has forecast whether it operates with significant proportions of conjecture in addition to true classic of science, even a forecast of the walk is at stake. Globalization is, in short, a perfect place to meet the truth of freedom and justice, prosperity amid general production undertaken individually. This is not the best of worlds, is only one possible world ready for a long time human reason. It is the mediation between the normative and positive human experience of self that makes sense beyond adversity. Globalization is not built Manichean, is intended to minimize failure and to distribute widely what effect resulting from the management. (See Fig. 4.)Fig. 4. What is globalizationSource Authors proposalToday, knowledge of conceptualizing globalization has long gone, but the cast deserves a retrospective look at creating a landscape that comprises the entire G (See Fig. 5.).Fig. 5. Whole GSource Authors proposalEconomic thinking that s upports the phenomenon of whole G emphasizes the benefits of globalization. (See Fig. 6. and 7.)Fig. 6. Globalization advantagesSource Authors proposalFig. 7. Globalization resultsSource Authors proposalTheorem which creates the essence of the general good of the planet as is that intensification and diversification of trade, especially internationally, is converted into factor absolute welfare.Wave of globalization is a means of communication between states, between economies and between different types of behavioral knowledge, represents a transition to a new model of economic growth and development, sustainable development.Globalization creates and develops a competition, domestically and internationally, thereby enhancing competition competitive market size and resulting in global firms.Regarded as the immediate sensory perception, globalization is identified with the rapid evolution of the world towards a common economic space, so that developments in one area of the world can have profound consequences on individuals and communities in other split of the world is done widening, deepening and accelerating global interconnection in all aspects of social life, from economics to pollution, from finance to the spiritual sphere.14Deprivations of the future imagined by excess of knowledge are often invented to satisfy the passions of apocalyptic.ConclusionsHarmony balance rationality with the hope of ensuring economic organism takes you from the win-lose in the win-win in public and private business.The period in which we appear as a transition process was the responsibility to use scientific knowledge, experience and faith in the certainty of hope from a health perspective all live together.The transition period that we live in assumes that we transform the progress which threatens us into a human, social and environmental progress as the foundation of our common survival.Sustainable development and healthy should be designed as a comprehensive process in s pace and time, both the magnetic north and the South East and West, so the win-win will benefit the entire world.Globalization of public and private world of human affairs, expression of the revolution means, can lead to human benefit if global scale is based on universal values and institutions arising from responsibility, human solidarity and social communities.

Crystalline Modifications and Solubility of Prepared Crystal

Crystalline Modifications and Solubility of Prep bed CrystalLITERATURE REVIEWTejal Prajapati et.al., (2010) Investigated contrastive lechatelierite diversenesss of carbamazepine was on the watch from confused solvents. Crystalline modifications and the solubility of fain crystallizinglisations and immediate venthole tablet play treasure indite of carbamazepine studied by utilize in vitro profligacy studies. These obtained crystal remainss of carbamazepine and pure drug was characterized by SEM, FTIR, PXRD and DSC. Highest solubility visibility shown by Crystals obtained from fermentation alcohol at room temperature and it gave better in vitro wantonness drug release profile than all potpourrier(a) forms.Nokhodchi et.al., (2010) Developed ibuprofen crystal forms by employ solvent change watch crystal technique. Ibuprofen was dissolved in ethanol, and because that solution was crystallized with body of water in the heading or absence of several(predicate) types of hydrophilic additives or polymers (like PEG 6000, 8000, Brij 98P and PVA 22000) and using with antithetical denseness ratios. Physico-mechanically skillful properties of Ibuprofen crystals were studied by density, flow property, tensile strength and annihilation behavior and characterized by SEM, DSC and FT-IR. Ibuprofen crystals crystallized with presence of PEG 6000, 8000 and PVA shown time-tested increase in the tensile strengths results of the directly compressed tablets.Talluri chandrashekar et.al., (2010) Developed four different types of Chlorzoxaz iodine polymorphs ( constellation I, organise II, Form III and Form IV) by using different types of solvents. The obtained polymorphs were characterized by using Optical Microscopy, DSC, XRD and IR spectroscopic regularitys. From the studies it was revealed that the Form I, Form II shown higher solubility rate profile than Form III, Form IV and pure drug.Rajesh A. Keraliya et.al., (2010) Investigated 14 pure dear(p) sol vents were selected for the crystallization of tolbutamide. Crystals were obtained in only 10 solvents out of the all 14 solvents. These developed Crystal forms were characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy, and in vitro dissolution study. unlikeial scanning calorimetry study shown all types of crystals were determined as isomorphic. Crystal forms of tolbutamide gave different dissolution rates.Cheng-Hung Hsu et.al., (2010) Studied transformation of different gabapentin polymorphs forms. Four types of gabapentin polymorphs were developed and these atomic number 18 characterized by using DSC, TGA, FTIR Microspectroscopy and roentgenogram disintegrate diffractometry. A one-step novel hot-stage FTIR microspectroscopy was successfully employ to progressive processes of polymorphic forms transformation of prep ard crystals.Gen Hasegawa et.al., (2009) nimble different types of tolbutamide polymorphs and thermodynamic stability was characterized by u sing calorimetry and spectroscopic analysis. Forms I-III The heat of solutions (H) measurements were observed in solvent of dimethylsulfoxide between 298.2K and 319.2 K. Solubility data withal observed and then confirmed the change in H of Form I around 308.2 K. XRD, DSC measurements of Form I characterized as a polymorphic transformation was observed at 311K. The crystal forms structure of the Form I was determined by using PXRD pattern, and unfaltering- relegate NMR spectrum confirmed the transformations occurred in the prepared crystal form structure of tolbutamide Form I.Roya Talari et.al., (2009) Investigated Gliclazide was recrystallized and developed polymorphs with 12 different types stabilizers and each stabilizer gives erect on micromeritic behaviors, microcrystals morphology, dissolution rate profile and recrystallized gliclazide solid state were studied. Recrystallized samples showed faster dissolution rate than gliclazide pure drug and the fastest dissolution rate profile was observed the samples recrystallized with PEG 1500 stabilizer. XRPD and DSC results confirmed that crystallization of gliclazide forms with stabilizers reduced the crystallinity of the samples.Renu Chadha et.al., (2009) Prepared five different crystal forms of methotrexate and Characterized by using XRPD and DSC. Desolvation endotherm was determined by the DSC. In I, II, IV and V crystal forms mass losses were observed in TGA and shown these forms are acetonitrile solvate furnish, dimethylformamide solvate and trihydrate (I, V, II and IV) respectively. Desolvation peak was not observed in Prepared from methanol crystal form (form III) and that indicates the absence of solvent of crystallization. This form III was shown partially cobwebby pattern by its XRPD. All prepared forms the dissolution and solubility rate profiles were correlated with enthalpy of solution and subsequently to the crystallinity of all four forms of methotrexate and crystal form III shown highest di ssolution rate than other prepared forms.Mange Ram Yadav et.al., (2008) Developed five different types of crystal forms of Pefloxacin by using with different solvents of varying polarities, and the dissolution energizings of five polymorphs was observed. That reveled these polymorphs differed in their dissolution rate profiles and all polymorphs shown unusual behavior in highest dissolution rate profile at the end of 15 min after that some what equal dissolution rate. Finally got constant dissolution release values after 4 hrs.Shan-Yang Lin et.al., (2007) Investigated ii polymorphic forms A B of famotidine. It describes famotidine polymorphic diversity may produce by the abrasion or compression process in ground sorts or compressed compacts in tabletting process time. The synergistic put together of temperature on the grinding or compression process was also investigated. In the ground mixtures, famotidine polymorphic transition was characterized by confocal Raman Microspectr oscopy, DSC. Mechanical forces, which are grinding and compression, are having effect on polymorphic transformation of Famotidine.Ilma Nugrahani et.al., (2007) Evaluated amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium solid state interaction. The solid state interaction was characterized by using DSC, XRPD, FTIR and SEM. Different compositions of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate were developed in ten different molar ratios and characterized by DSC to get the thermal profile and a phase diagram of composition. double star systems thermo profile obtained by DSC analysis that endothermic curves of molar ratios of 19-55 overlapped at 201C. the molar fraction ratio of 55 shown the loss of hydrate spectra in amoxicillin trihydrate characterized by FTIR spectrum of binary system. We conclude co-crystal system produced by the strong hydrogen bonding interaction between hydrates of amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate.Cristina Puigjaner et.al., (2007) Investigated vernal polymorphic f orms A, B C of Norfloxacin. These polymorphs forms were characterized by different methods like pulverise X-ray diffraction, Vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman), thermal analysis (DSC and TG), SEM and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The data show an enantiotropic relationship between A C forms, as well as a monotropic relationship between B C.C.G. Kontoyannis et.al., (2007) Reported Risperidone polymorphic forms of depiction coated commercial tablets and characterized by using IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray disintegrate diffraction. This Risperidone polymorph stability was examined through time and during the manufacturing process. The inability of IR and Raman techniques to identify the presence of polymorph A in the tablets. Form A was proved to be stable during the manufacturing process time and after the storage period of 2 years.Wang Jingkang et.al., (2007) Reported crystal habit of 11-hydroxy-16, 17-epoxyprogesterone (HEP) grown from solution by the effe cts of solvent and im white were characterized by using SEM. Long prismatic crystals were formed from crystallization of HEP in pure acetone and N, N-dimethylformamide. Blocky crystals were resulted with pure chloroform by using cooling system crystallization method. These HEP crystals were greatly modified from prismatic to octahedral shape. That the change of crystal habit was brought from the modification of crystal structure by DSC and X-ray powder diffraction.Piera Di Martino et.al., (2007) Reported crystal forms of nimesulide prepared by crystallizing from an ethanol solution and dioxane, different from the pure drug nimesulide reference sample, it was characterized by using XRPD, DSC and solid cross polarization-magic angle spinning NMR. Dioxane nimesulide forms are solvate. The polymorphic form prepared by desolvation of dioxane solvate gave positive effect on nimesulide forms tableting properties increasing the both compressibility and tabletability.Joao Canotilho et.al., (2007) Prepared crystalline forms of atenolol from e drying upation of an ethanol/water solution. (R, S)-Atenolol crystallizes in the centrosymmetric and S-atenolol crystallizes in a noncentrosymmetric space group C2/c and space group C2 respectively. One symmetry and both symmetry independent molecule in (R, S)-atenolol crystals and molecules in S-atenolol respectively. (R, S)-atenolol shown devil different molecular conformations and three different conformations were isolated in S-atenolol.. The molecular conformations characterized by X-ray diffraction method were fully relaxed at the HF/6-31G* level of theory.Reddy et.al., (2005) Investigated a novel crystalline form of cetirizine monohydrochloride was prepared. These prepared crystalline forms of cetirizine monohydrochloride were characterized by using x-ray diffraction pattern, differential scanning calorimetry.Kati Pollanen et.al., (2005) Prepared polymorphic forms of sulfathiazole. These polymorphic forms composition of b ulk product samples characterized by diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy together with multivariate statistical process control analysis, frail independent modeling of class analogy, orthogonal signal correction preprocessing and partial least squares regression methods.Ali Arslantas et.al., (2005) Investigated L-ascorbic acid polymorphs considered as eight space groups and assuming one molecule in the asymmetric unit. Including with the experimental structure and number of possible crystal structures were nominate. By removing space-group symmetry constraints, the number of hypothetical crystal structures was reduced.Schmidt et.al., (2005) Reported ethyl aminobenzoate (BZC), butambene (BTN) and isobutambene (BTI) are ester type basic local anaesthetic agents. These are exist in dickens polymorphic crystal forms and characterized by thermomicroscopy, DSC, FTIR, FT-Raman-spectroscopy and XRPD. The endothermic transformation of mod. I0 at ambient conditions thermodynamically stable (heat of transition rule). Whereas mod. II and mod.I0 enantiotropic in nature and mod.II is metastable at temperatures. At room temperature the metastable forms show different kinetic stabilities.Vijayavitthal T Mathad et.al., (2005) Prepared six polymorphs of donepezil hydro bromide from different types of solvents, and these polymorphs physical properties are characterized by PXRD, DSC, TGA, IR spectroscopy and Karl Fischer techniques. It reveled one is crystalline hydrate , four are anhydrous polymorphs and one is shapeless form.Arvind k. Bansal et.al., (2004) Studied clopidogrel bisulphate polymorphic form I and form II. Obtained polymorphs were characterized by Thermal (DSC, TGA, HSM), crystallographic (XRD) and spectroscopic (FTIR) methods. Differences in their spectral patterns were successfully apply for the quantification of forms I and II in powder mixtures. The forms undergo no transformations and exhibit no crystal defect generation when expose d to pressure during the KBr pellet formation. FTIR method was successfully characterized and validated for the quantification of prepared clopidogrel bisulphate polymorph form I in polymorph mixtures.David J. W. Grant et.al., (2004) Reported two polymorphic forms of s Piroxicam. The difference in energy of the two polymorphs, I and II, of Piroxicam arises predominantly from the difference between their lattice energies, rather than between their conformational energies. A loss of polymorphic memory was observed upon cryogrinding, the two polymorphs are leading to differences in their recrystallization behavior between Piroxicam amorphous prepared in polymorphs I and II.diYoung-Taek Sohn and Hyun Ok Seo et.al., (2004) Developed four types of crystal forms of ketorolac by recrystallization from conglomerate organic solvents under variable conditions. Different types of ketorolac polymorphs and pseudopolymorphs were characterized by XRPD, DSC, and thermogravimetric analysis. All four crystal forms showed different types of dissolution studies in water at 370.5oC. Form I shown the highest solubility. Polymorphic forms of Form I and Form III shown good physical stability at room temperature for 60 days. After 60 days storage Form IV is converted to Form I and Form II is converted to Form III.Sari Airaksinen et.al., (2004) Investigated two polymorphic forms of theophylline monohydrate. Theophylline monohydrate transforms either stable (form I), or metastable (form I-) form of anhydrous theophylline during the drying phase of wet granulation method. Amounts of the different theophylline crystalline forms remaining in the form of dried granules were characterized by using XRPD and near-infrared spectroscopy. It conclude the Metastable anhydrous theophylline was the major form that was produced at drying temperatures of 40-50 -C with both MMFD and VT-XRPD drying techniques.Mahua Sarkar et.al., (2008) Developed nevirapine polymorphic forms from different types solvent s under various conditions by crystallization. These forms solid-state behavior was characterized by using variety of complemental techniques such as microscopy (optical, polarized, hot stage microscopy), DSC, TGA, FT-IR and powder X-ray diffractometry. Nevirapine forms crystallized from varying polarities and yielded different crystal habits. The recrystallized sample intrinsic dissolution rate of was lower than the commercial sample. Nevirapine Amorphous form shown slightly higher aqueous solubility than commercial sample.Makoto Otsuka Fumie kato et.al., (2003) Investigated indomethacin polymorphic content in merge pharmaceutical powder and tablets by using quick chemometrical near-infrared spectroscopy. Polymorphic contents of forms and were obtained from physical mixing of IMC standard polymorphic sample 50% and excipient mixed powder sample consisting of lactose, corn starch, and hydroxypropyl-cellulose 50% in Mixed powder samples. 6 kinds of standard actuals with vario us polymorphic contents were characterized by using X-ray powder diffraction profiles and NIR spectra. more than accurate quantitative analysis of polymorphic content provided by NIR spectroscopy in pharmaceutical mixed powder and tablets.Sabiruddin Mirza et.al., (2003) Developed crystal forms erythromycin with various organic solvents, (acetone, methylethylketone, ethanol, and isopropanol) both in the presence and in the absence of water on the crystallization. It was observed that pure organic solvent or water-organic 19 or 11 solvent mixtures are solvate. However, the recrystallization of erythromycin from 21 water-organic solvent mixture gives crystal hydrate form. that the loss of volatiles by all the solvated crystals is nonstoichiometric showed by Thermo-gravimetric analysis. The solvates with the organic solvents desolvation behavior of characterized by variable-temperature x-ray powder diffraction.R. Fausto et.al., (2003) an amorphous state produced by Fast cooling rates t hat, on more heating, that crystallizes into metastable polymorph. At higher temperatures, this metastable crystalline form converts into the stable crystal form. Cooling rates is intermediate produce 3AP crystallizes as the metastable polymorph, the solid l solid transition occurring on heating and this form into the stable polymorph. cooling rate is Slower enable formation of the stable crystal on cooling. The two crystalline polymorphs were characterized by using powder X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. It concluded that different types of conformations are assumed by the individual molecules of 3AP in two crystalline forms.Amy J. Harshaw et.al.,(2003) Examined four polymorphic crystalline forms sulfathiazole exist in solvents used n-propanol, acetone/chloroform, water. These forms were characterized by using differential thermal calorimetry and solubility studies and these are recrystallizing under the various conditions as a function of temperature. The best polymorph f ormation was found in the hot water sample.Adam J. Matzger et.al., (2002) Developed parvenue polymorph crystal structure of nabumetone. susceptibility differences gives weak forces, these weak forces play such an important role in the kinetic and thermodynamic stabilization of nabumetone polymorphsJudith Maria Rollinger et.al., (2002) Prepared three crystal forms of torasemide from various types of organic solvents. These forms Physicochemical properties were characterized by using thermoanalysis (hot-stage microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry), Fourier transform infra-red and Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffractometry. The hygroscopicity, relative stability, true density, and heat of solutions were determined. The dissolution behaviour of mod. I and II was investigated as a function of pH, temperature, and in addition to surfactants.S. Agatonovic-Kustrin et.al., (2001) Developed two polymorphic forms 1 and 2 of ranitidine HCl. This polymorphic ingenuousness of crystalline ranitidine HCl characterized by using solid-state techniques, diffuse reflectance FT-IR and XRPD were combined. The ranitidine HCl polymorphs and quantify the composition of binary mixtures of the two polymorphs clearly distinguished by DRIFTS combined with XRPD Successfully.A.R. Rajabi-Siahboomi et.al., (2001) Investigated crystal form of Ibuprofen was obtained from various solvents like methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and hexane. The crystal forms of ibuprofen were crystallized from methanol and ethanol gave polyhedral crystal habit, while hexane was effrontery needlelike, isopropanol was shown elongated crystals. XPD and DSC studies results are these samples were structurally similar the results shown that crystal habit modification of prepared crystals have a great influence on the mechanical properties (compressibility, flow rate, and bulk density) of obtained ibuprofen crystals.John Bauer et.al., (2001) Prepared Ritonavir polymorphs from various solvents characterized by using solid state spectroscopy and microscopy techniques, solid state NMR, NIR, PXRD and unity crystal X-ray. A strong hydrogen bonding network gives an unusual conformation for form II. Ritonavir was found to be exhibit two incomparable crystal lattices conformational polymorphism. Which are having different solubility properties. Although the polymorph (form II) belongs to the cis confirmations it is a more stable packing arrangement, nucleation.Changquan Sun and David J. W. Grant et.al., (2001) Reported bulk powders of sulfamerazine polymorph I and two different particle size of polymorph II , II(A) and II(B) were crystallized. The powders were compressed to form tablets whose porosity and tensile strength were measured and then analysed. The tabletability, follows this order, I II(A) II(B) and the compressibility, follows the order, I Malamataris et.al., (2000) Prepared crystalline form of glibenclamide, with higher melting point (218C) and having lo wer solubility in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, these are changed by transitional phases by melting, cooling and reheating. The new form of glibenclamide was obtained from the glassy state, by applying sublimation temperature at 130-160C. New form of glibenclamide was characterized by DSC, FT-IR, SEM, hot-stage microscopy, PXRD and solubility studies.Yumiko Kobayashi et.al., (2000) Developed polymorphs of carbamazepine and studied pseudopolymorphs (form I, form III and dihydrate) dissolution behaviors and bioavailability. The solubilities of both anhydrates (form I and form III), evaluated from the initial dissolution rate profile of each anhydrates were 1.5-1.6 times dihydrate.Gamberini et.al., (2000) Prepared three different carbamazepine polymorphic forms. Polymorphism and pseudopolymorphism can give proceed on bioavailability and effective clinical use. These prepared polymorphs characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, XRPD, DSC, Hot Stage FT-IR thermomicroscopy. The obt ained three different polymorphic forms are anhydrous carbamazepine Form III, the commercial one, Form I.Young-Taek Sohn et.al., (2000) Recognized physicochemical properties of drugs affected by the type of crystalline form of the drugs. Clarithromycin gave three polymorphic crystalline forms. New method involved to unbiased recrystallization of clarithromycin in different solvents like hexane, heptane or ethers, isopropyl ether. These polymorphs are compared by using DSC, XRPD with form II crystal prepared by conventional method. It indicated that improvement in the purity of the Clarithromycin polymorph form II crystal.Robert E. Dinnebier et.al., (2000) Detected three crystalline modifications (A, B, and C) and these crystal structures were characterized by using single-crystal X-ray diffraction (pseudopolymorph C) and the method of simulated annealing from high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction data and IR. Obtained crystal packing and the molecular conformation of telmisartan Demonstrating the medium-sized (MW 500) pharmaceutical compounds can now be solved quickly and routinely by using high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction data.Martnez-Oharriz et.al., (1999) Investigated the physico-chemical characteristics of diflunisal-PEG 4000 solid dispersions prepared by melting, solvent and melting-solvent methods. Solvents are chloroform, methanol and ethanol-water. The drug present in different polymorphic forms. The icon of solid dispersions was performed by X-ray powder diffraction. In solid systems obtained by the solvent and melting solvent methods and the drug solidifies in form III in ethanol / water and methanol, while polymorph IV crystallized in chloroform. In conclusion it reveled that changes in diflunisal polymorphic forms occurred during the formation of solid dispersion. Polymorphic form of drug determined by drug polymer ratio and method of preparation.Shivakumar et.al., (1999) Prepared different types of crystal and paracetmol crystals an d the effect of solvents on the crystallization were characterized by using FT-IR, DSC and pulverisation XRD patterns. The results indicate that crystals prepared from different types of solvents exhibited different physicochemical properties. Desired physicochemical properties of crystals may be obtained by selecting the different types solvents by depending on the solubility profile of drug.Y.E. Hammouda et.al., (1999) Reported sulphadiazine (SD) a suspension of the drug in a preselected solvent (5% aqueous ammonia solution) was stirred under controlled conditions. The solvent was subsequently removed and the material dried. The effect of experimental variables such as stirring speed and time, powder/ solvent ratio and inclusion of additives (Tween 80, sodium chloride and PVP) on the properties of solvent treated SD was assessed. selective information obtained were compared with those for SD recrystallized under identical conditions. Solvent treatment of SD in the absence of addit ives resulted in a limited change in crystal morphology as indicated by SEM. This was associated with improved flowability and a limited reduction in dissolution rate relative to untreated SD. On the other hand, recrystallized SD exhibited superior flowability but a substantially low dissolution rate. Solvent treatment of SD in the presence of 2% PVP produced a microgranular directly compressible material.Monica Bartolomei et.al., (1999) Prepared two forms of propranolol HCl and investigated the crystallization conditions and the physicochemical properties of the two polymorphs I and I. these are characterized by using FTIR spectroscopy, PXRD, thermal analysis, solubility and dissolution studies. Their stability test was followed at room temperature over a period of 1 year time and using under different conditions of temperature, grinding and compression to verify the capacity to solid-solid transition and to study the existence range of the two forms. These obtained results shown that form I was having less thermodynamically stable and more soluble and dissolved faster than crystalline form II.Ranendra N. Saha, K.Venugopal, New, et. al., (2005) Developed for the estimation of Gatifloxacin in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations UV-spectrophotometric methods were used. Gatifloxacin was estimated at 286 nm in 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and 292 nm in 100 mM hydrochloric acid (pH 1.2). Linearity range was found to be 1-18 g ml-1, in the phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and 1-14 g ml-1 in hydrochloric acid medium (pH 1.2). These methods were tested and validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines and USP. These methods were successfully estimated for the intention of Gatifloxacin in pharmaceutical formulations.Carolina B. Romanuk et.al., Reported two different types of polymorphic forms of new ciprofloxacin saccharinate. These two poymorphs were characterized and determine both polymorphic forms we used solid state techniques powder X-ray diffract ion, single crystal X-ray diffraction, Infrared and Solid State NMR.V. Agafonov et.al., (1991) Developed single crystals of two polymorphic and four solvated crystalline forms of spironolactone from different types solvents. All crystal forms except for the one obtained from methanol, morphology, symmetry, and crystallographic parameters were determined. The stability of crystals and transformation of each type of crystal were characterized by using DSC, TGA, and X-ray diffraction analysis. It conclude molecules of spironolactone in the three different types of lattices.Masato OHTA et.al., (1999) Investigated, heat of crystallization and heat of solution cefditoren pivoxil of different crystallinity were characterized by DSC and isothermal microcalorimetry, respectively. Cefditoren pivoxil heat of crystallization and heat of solution shown good linear correlation with the degree of crystallinity determined by Rulands method by using powder X-ray diffractogram. The crystallinity chan ges of amorphous cefditoren pivoxil by adsorption of alcohol vapor could be evaluated for small quantity of sample by using of heat of crystallization. microcalorimetry was used to found prediction of dissolution behavior.El-Sayed et.al., (1983) Developed four polymorphic forms of spironolactone. These crystal forms characterized by using melting point and aqueous solubility, IR, DTA, PXRD and powder dissolution. Prepared Crystals with ethyl acetate showed the lowest melting range and having highest dissolution, while prepared crystal from acetonitrile shown the highest melting range and shown low dissolution rate. Infrared spectra were not useful in clearly distinguishing between the different forms. DTA curves indicated that were different from the original form of the drug. X-ray patterns were different in intensities of radiation absorption and finally it confirming the presence of four different types of crystalline forms of spironolactone.Robert E. Dinnebier et.al., (2000) Inv estigated Three crystalline forms A, B, and C of telmisartan and their polymorphs crystal structures characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Explanation of the crystal packing and the molecular conformation of medium-sized (MW 500) pharmaceutical ingredients can now determined by high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction data.J.M. Delgado et.al., (2007) Prepared several polymorphs of oxytetracycline hydrochloride under different conditions by crystallization different conditions are slow evaporation, rapid crystallization, and vapour diffusion in different types of solvents. The solvents are used included like water, ethanol, methanol, ether, ethyl acetate, toluene, dichloromethane and dioxane. The obtained different polymorphs products were characterized by X-Ray Powder Diffraction, NMR, FT-IR, and Thermal Analysis (TGA and DSC).Biserka Cetina-Cizmek et.al., (2003) Developed piroxicam benzoate Solid-state properties and Investigated. piroxicam benzoate Samples were prepa red by recrystallization from different types organic solvents (toluene, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and acetone). Prepared samples were characterized by using FTIR, DSC, TGA, SEM and XRPD. DSC, TGA and XRPD. These are confirmed that piroxicam benzoate crystallized in two types of pseudopolymorphic forms A and B. Pseudopolymorphic form A was obtained by recrystallization in ethanol and methanol by slow cooling at ambient temperature and by rapid cooling in an ice-cold bath. Pseudopolymorphic form B was obtained by recrystallization from toluene by slow cooling at room temperature and also from toluene by rapid cooling in an ice cold bath.Arvind K. Bansal et.al., (2003) Studied generation and characterization of various solid-state forms of celecoxib, The Celecoxib drug was subjected to polymorphic screen using various types of organic solvents to exhausts the possibility of existence of different solid forms. 11 stoichiometric ratio of N,N-Dimethyl acetamide (DMA) and N,N-dimet hyl formamide (DMF) gave solvates. Quench cooling of the melt resulted in amorphous form of the drug. All these solid-state forms were analszed by thermoanalytical (DSC, TGA, HSM), crystallographic (XRD), microscopic (polarized, SEM), spectroscopic (FTIR), and elemental analysis techniques. Morphology Influences on flow behavior of different solid-state forms was also investigated.Marcelo Antonio Oliveira et.al., (2010) Reported that the TGA and DSC are very useful for characterizing the drug and excipients stability. Verapamil hydrochloride shown thermal stability up to 180 C and melts at 146 C. Evaluated the Verapamil hydrochloride drug is congenial with all other excipients. The drug shown degradation when exposed to oxidizing conditions, that the degradation product resulting is 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid derived from the alkyl side chain oxidation.Alok Tripathi et.al., (2010) Developed ten crystalline polymorphic forms along with an amorphous form of Rabeprazole sodium. Polymor phism is gives solid physical properties they are influence on biological activity of drug, physiochemical properties of drug or substance industrial manufacturing method. Researchers attracted towards new polymorphic form of Rabeprazole sodium. Some polymorphic correlation parameters such as type of the solvent, , sequence of addition, temperature, volume of the solvent, rate of the agitation, pH of reaction mixture etc. showing effect on the polymorphism.Kalinkova et.al., (1996) Investigated polymorphism of azlocillin sodium. Results of infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis (combined thermogravimetry and differential analysis) and scanning electron microscopy confirmed recrystallization of lyophilized azlocillin sodium from simple solvent acetonitrile causes polymorphic transformation. New polymorph obtained by crystalline form.C. Rodriguez-espinosa et.al., (1994) Investigated polymorphism crystal forms of I, II, and III forms and new crystal form (form IV ) of diflunisal and th ese forms characterized by using powder X-ray diffractometry, DSC, hot-stage microscopy, IR spectroscopy, and dissolution studies. The mutual transition behavior of the prepared polymorphs was determined and the melting points and melting enthalpies were charac

The issue of gender in Cambodia

The issue of gender in CambodiaGender problem is considered as a global issue which exists not scarce in starting country but also in developed country. As a developing country in South-East Asia, Cambodia is known as a hierarchically ordered society. In all areas of develop man supplyt and administration, wo men always take the partnership with men. Unfortunately, they serene cannot access to all equal salutarys, shares of benefits, opportunities, and values. Although Cambodia has reached the age of globalization, women still have been regarded as the lower group because of gender inequality. Cambodian womens choices have been in one particular limit as the result of cultural and conventional norms which is seen in many aspects of Cambodian society such as family, education, give wayplace and politics.Traditionally, Cambodian families value the men more than women as a Cambodian verbalise that the men are a piece of gold when it is dropped in mud, is still a piece of gold ti me the women are a piece of cloth, one time it is stained, stained forever. Normally, women are responsible for doing household chores and lacking of decision-making as good as giving birth while the men go outside for work to earn money and they are controversial and powerful in the family. Thus, when facing any problems, men always use their power to deal with such stance that almosttime, they great physical abuse or any kinds of force out to rule over the women.Moreover, in that respect are many reasons regarding to the wide gap amidst men and women of accessing of education. Firstly, Cambodian people believe that men are more important than women because men can go out to work while women have to freeze at home to do the housework. Furthermore, parents do not allow their daughters to go to school because of some factors regarding security and reputation. As another Cambodian said that a family which has a daughter is not different from a family that has a toilet in front of the house. As a result, women in the past were not allowed to information because she could be stubborn, and write a love letter to men. Furthermore, subsequently all daughters get married, they have to stay at home and to be fed by her husband. Therefore, she does not need to study. In addition, if a poor family can afford only one child to study, the family will choose son to study rather of daughter. According to an interview to a poor family which moved to Phnom Penh city from Prey Veng province ten years ago that has one son and two daughters that is conducted by our group shown that both(prenominal) of the two daughters are not allowed to go to school because they have to work in the garment factories in order to support their blood brothers education. Finally, their brother now has become an upper-secondary school teacher at Santhormok High School in Phnom Penh city while they both are illiteracy.According to ADB, DFID/UK, UNDP, UNIFEM, and WB (2004, p.46) states tha t mens struggle is 33 percent higher than womens wages depend on an individuals age and education. Moreover, Ministry of Planning (1999) says that the largest wage differences between males and females exist among young worker aged 15 to 29 with no schooling (75 percent), while the smallest differences exist among workers aged 30 to 39 years with lower secondary schooling (As cited in ADB et al., 2004, p.46), so it shows that in that respect is substantial wage discrimination against women, and young women in particular labor markets. In addition, Cambodia Development Resource Institute (2003) says that the average daily wage for men in fishing is nearly 5,000 riels ($1.25), while women earn only 83 percent of that amount in fish processing men earn about 4,150 riels ($1.13) per day and women earn 63 percent of that wage (As cited in ADB et al., 2004, p.46). Furthermore, The participatory poverty assessment (ADB, 2001) in Cambodia found that womens wage is less than mens wage whe re there is limited waged employment locally even they are doing the same work. For example, men can earn up to 5,000 riels (US$1.25) per day working as casual laborers while women will receive only up to 2,500 riels for the same work. In the poverty assessment shows that this differences wage is because of three reasons. First, there are some jobs that women cannot do well as men. Second, women take more time off during the day. The last reason is that it didnt matter anyway because it all went back in to the household finances (As cited in ADB et al., 2004, p.46).In addition, the rate of womens voice in politics is still low in Cambodia. Even though all men and women are equal in voting, there are still less women who represent in the parliament than men. For instance, there were only 5 percent of women candidates in 1993, and there were only five dollar bill among of them won the election and joined the national assembly (ADB et al., 2004, p.125). Furthermore, this rate has been increasing very slowly. For example, there were 11.5 percent in 1998 and 12.2 percent in 2003 of women who are take (ADB et al., 2004, p.125). In addition, the numbers of women participation in each political party are also lower than men. In 2003, only 8 out of 73 seats in Cambodian People Party, 4 out of 26 seats in Funcinpec Party, and 3 out of 24 seats in surface-to-air missile Rainsy Party were women candidates (ADB et al., 2004, p.126).In short, these data represents that women are given less value than men in Cambodia politics.However, some people state that the gender inequality in Cambodia is cause by biology. Women are physically born weaker than men so mostly they are responsible for mothering work such as deliver and to look after the babies, and stay at home to do housework while men go out for work and become breadwinner, so men have power to control the family. This point has some merit on the surface. However, pregnant is only a temporary time for women to produce the baby, and this time they can do some house work. Then, after they deliver the baby, they can go out for work as the men do such as a teacher, a doctor, an architecture, etc.In conclusion, according to the four aspects such as family, education, workplace, and politics that have mentioned above, we can analyze that culture is an essential factor that causes the gender inequality between men and women. Women have to do housework and to give birth, so they do not have chance to be educated which becomes the obstacle for them to find a well paid job. Moreover, because of the education of women still in limit, their participant in politic is also in a small number. Actually, it is really hard for women to swop their culture without any supporting from men. As a result, in order to motivate people to understand more about gender inequality effectively, both government and non-government organizations need to be strongly facilitated in making policy to encouraging women knowing thei r right of sharing and making decision. Moreover, he has to develop the laws for violence against women, and provide more motivate girl to be educated, women to join literacy program that can help them to build up their social values, so that it will develop the country because we have enough human resources. Men and women are the two elements which are inseparable from one another. They both are like the left and right hands of a country. Without one of them, a countrys development will be stuck. Moreover, women also should accept the opportunity that provided by the men.Word Counted 1,284

The Internet :: Web Technology Essays

The Internet When the Internet was developed in the 1960s, most of the world was unaware of the impact it would have on the world and our society within a relatively short period of time. In less than forty years, the World Wide network has literally become the Information Super Highway as Al Gore so succinctly named it (Daly, 1998). With this massive influx of information through a web of interconnected networks have come problems and some solutions. The order of data stored on the Web and the Internet brings about many questions regarding readability, currency, policies, validity, quality, reliability, moral issues, creditability, market appeal, and adequacy in the mechanics of language just to name a few. Except in technologically advanced circles of society, the Web was virtually unheard of prior to the wide availability of the Mosaic browser in 1993. At that time, the Web emerged nearly full-blown and was so successful that within a few months it was being used by million s of people (Maddux, 1998). As a result of this rapid growth of the Web, the quality of many websites today is poor. Maddux (1998) states that standards for academic and other publishing of traditional media, like books, evolved over a period of centuries while the technical and distribution problems were being solved. The Web has not been afforded the luxury of having the component of time to develop standards for the information being published. Maddux (1998) believes that Web quality seems to be declining, rather than up(p). Often when a person searches for information through a Web search engine, he is inundated with incompetent web pages. It is difficult, time-consuming, frustrating, overwhelming, and sometimes impossible for an net profit novice to find useful information. In turn, those using the web for educational fulfillment have to jump barriers just to find high-quality information. To remedy the problems with the Web, some guidelines wishing to be set forth and followed. Authors of web sites need to proofread and revise material for language and mechanics much as if they were writing a subject for their English class to be graded by a teacher. Web site authors should use common sense in deciding what and when to publish and should persevere the published material up-to-date. Just as students should not turn in an barren assignment to a teacher, the author of a website should not publish unfinished pages or pages under construction.

gatcolor Color of Money in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

The Color of Money in The Great Gatsby A major verbalism of The Great Gatsby was the effect that silver has on each one of the characters. Money influenced Daisys sack out, it influenced tom turkey life, influences Nicks wants, Jordans standards, and cash also pushed Gatsby to specify what he lost. The effect money has on Daisy is noticed from the beginning. She is married to a monied man in which she says she loves. The love for her husband is not the same love that she has had with other men. This love is influenced mainly by the amount of money he has. She has experienced true love, but not with husband or a wealthy man. The story tells us about her love with a poor man when she was younger living in Tennessee. Daisy came from a wealthy family so it was expected of her to tie a wealthy man whether or not she really loved him. Not only did money influence the people that she was interested, but how she looked at anyone that did not have money. Money also influenced Dais ys husband Tom. Tom has always been wealthy. He was born in to the wealth, and raised in it. Toms money was considered to be old money that also said that he was influential. Tom looked at people that did not have money as if they were no ones. Tom had a mistress that did not have money, but he would have never thought of marrying her because she was poor. Tom treats people how ever he wants because he has the money and they do not. Nick is a man that has a fair amount of money, but he is struggling to live the life that he is trying to scram it in. Nick thinks that money is the only thing in the world. He is struggling to make more so that he can live the life that he wants. Nick visits his cousin Daisy in hopes that her husband might somehow get him a job that pays good money. The house that Nick lives in also tells how untold money he has. The house is fairly small, but it is in the West Egg that is an area which was for the people that have money. Nick was content to live in the West Egg although the people that really have money would live in the East Egg.