Describe what can happen in the society without law, especially in the field of business Essay

Fraus omnia corrumpit(theory of fraud), according to which one can never rely on a fraudulent defend to justify the application of a rule of law to its own profit. The scope of application, the conditions of application, and the legal effects thereof will be defined, since they are subject of debate. Further, the tattle between the dominion Fraus omnia corrumpit and other concepts or general principles of law will be examined.For this, the discussed principle can fulfil three possible functions (with each quantify different legal effects) a mere explanatory function for other concepts of law a corrective mechanism which excludes the application of rules of law in subject field of fraud or the function of a fully autonomous concept of law.The results of this research will provide a new insight into the role of general principles of private law in the hierarchy of sources of law. The correct scope and function of the principle Fraus omnia corrumpit are still uncertain in law due to a lack of fundamental research, contrary to other systems of law. Innovative research (according to internal and external comparative law and a functional-inductive approach) will result in improve the contours of this principle, which will lead to higher legal certainty. Non bis in idem,Ne bis in idem, which translates literally from Latin as not twice in the same thing, is a legal doctrine to the effect that no legal action can be instituted twice for the same cause of action. It is a legal concept originating in Roman Civil Law, but it is essentially the equivalent of the double jeopardy (autrefois acquit) doctrine found in common law jurisdictions. In dubio pro reoThe principle of in dubio pro reo (Latin for when in doubt, for the accused) means that a defendant may not be convicted by the court when doubts about his or her vice remain. It is often used specifically to refer to the principle of presumption of innocence that dictates that when a criminal statute allows mor e than one interpretation, the one that favours the defendant should be chosen.The Latin phase in dubio pro reo translates as in doubt, for the accused. A more expanded definition is that courts andjuries mustiness take the side of an accused caller when there are doubts about the charges. This is connected to reasonable doubt and to presumed innocence, which are a foundational part of many justice systems. It also affects the rule of lenity, when judges must make interpretive decisions about ambiguous laws in favor of someone who is accused.

DRUNK DRIVING Essay

Drinking and driving is a very serious and dangerous problem. some people every year are killed or injured because of inebriated drivers, and almost all of the people who are killed are innocent. The to a greater extent you drink the more likely you are to have an accident. Driving whilst under the influence of drink is a dangerous situation, and the consequences are appalling, because you can end up killing someone else, losing your own life or even sent to court. Why do people drink while driving? The answer is simply cause thither drunk They are too drunk to think properly, they might have befoole it before and they think its not bad, perhaps too slow to get a taxi, they feel confident that they can drive extra carefully and avoid incident, Their ability to rationalize is suppressed, leading them to make rash decisions, They motivation to escape personal problems This is probably one of the most dangerous reasons why people drink and drive.A man / woman in the thick of probl ems, gets drunk and gets in the car. Caught in his / her emotions, the person doesnt care what happens anymore. Sadly, among the reasons why people drink and drive, this is a common reason they are ashamed or panicky to call someone to pick them up. People wake up in cells not realizing they killed a person with their car. Some people drink and drive because they dont know any better. Some people are not even aware of the legal drinking limits.

Chemical Reactions in Our Daily Life Essay

Science being a subject of common interest, it is very intriguing to analyze visual experiments casualty in day-to-day life. There are a plethora of products that you use everyday, which are formulated with application of chemical reaction. Say for example toothpaste, soap, shampoo, cleaning agent, etc. are all results of chemical reactions. Following are some of the most profound chemical reactions, which we encounter in everyday life Aerobic ventilation systemDo you know indulging in physical movements is associated with a chemical reaction? The process requires power, which is yielded by aerobic external respiration. Over here, respiration helps breaks down glucose (an energy source) into water, carbon dioxide and energy in form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). The balanced cellular respiration equation is represented asC6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2+ 6H2O + Energy (36 ATPs)Anaerobic Respiration due(p) to overexercising, sometimes our body cells run out of oxygen and respire anaerobical ly. This cause synthesis of lactic acid and cause muscle cramps. Anaerobic respiration is observe in some bacteria, yeast and other organisms. In contrary to the aerobic type, it breaks down glucose in the absence of oxygen, resulting in production of ethanol, carbon dioxide and energy. Anaerobic respiration equation isC6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + EnergyPhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis is the process by which green plants manufacture their own food. This occurs in presence of sunlight and other raw materials, namely carbon dioxide and water. The chlorophyll pigment harvests the light energy from sunlight, which is then converted into glucose by the phenomenon of photosynthesis. In short, it is the opposite of aerobic respiration. The equation for photosynthesis is6 CO2+ 6 H2O + go down energy C6H12O6 + 6 O2Rusting of IronVery often, you notice a coating of rust over unpainted iron surfaces, which gradually leads to disintegration of iron. This is nothing, simply a chemical phenomenon c alled rusting. In this case, iron (a very reactive metal) combines with oxygen in presence of water (more precisely, atmospheric moisture), resulting in formation of iron oxides. The chemical reaction behind rusting can be simply represented asFe + O2 + H2O Fe2O3. XH2OPropane GrillHave you ever prepared summation in a propane grill? The meat placed over the burner is cooked with the help of arouse energy released after burning of propane gas. Thus, propane is the reactant which when burnt with the help of oxygen gives heat energy and other byproducts. Check out the balanced equation for the combustion reaction that take place in a propane grillC3H8 + 5O2 4H2O + 3CO2 + energyWhether you cerebrate cooking, souring, fermenting or burning, there is a chemical reaction accompanying these everyday processes. Thus, it wont be wrong to say learning chemistry and chemical reactions start at home.

Why Do You Want to Be a Lawyer

The definition of a law states that a attorney is a person who practiced law and delivered justice. The position of the attorney varies significantly across legal jurisdiction. So, as relation to the topic above, I want to get down a attorney because, it is my ambition to become a lawyer since when I was in class five go through that it is non so easy to become a lawyer. Because the subject law is not very easy to study, because the study material are so huge. There is so many constitution and act to study. And established as an honorable lawyer is not so easy, it takes a lot of time to establish in the society as a good lawyer.But also I have choose to become a lawyer because, in my point of view, the population of our awkward is about sixteen core and the subject of lawyer in our country is about 42000 and number of judges is about 1800. So it is very less in number in relation to the number of people in our country. And because of crisis of people in the discriminative department it takes a lot of time for judgment in our country. And I can see no one care about all this problem, everyone wants to be doctor, engineer or wants to complete MBA or BBA and look for comfortable jobs.Its a profession which is to serve for the people, it is honorable profession, and it gives relief to people similar to medical examination hospital. A hospital heal the physical parts of the people where as a lawyer heal the people both physically and mentally. In our country we can see many poor people often engaged different kind of crimes, and they do not get right judgment because they do not have the capacity to haired a good experience lawyer, because the demand of money of a good lawyer is more, so I have pertinacious to established myself as a good lawyer, Ill give right judgments to the people.And I think to practice as a lawyer in the court of justice is not so easy, because it need a great courage to fight against different civil and criminal cases. Because sometimes the lawyer gets different threats from different persons and semipolitical sites, and I think that I had that courage to face all this problems. And also practice as a lawyer is very interesting because every twenty-four hour period we will deal with some new cases and also we will discover some new things by sought out problems.By becoming a lawyer as I can practice both in courts as well as work for a company, because now days in high spirits ranking company needs lawyer to sought out their problems. By becoming lawyer I can practice in the supreme courts also. And we know that Supreme Court is the highest courts in our country, and it is not so easy to practice as a lawyer in the Supreme Court, and it very honorable. Working as a lawyer I can handle the constitution affairs also, the position of a lawyer doesnt ends here, after practicing as a lawyer in the district courts for ten years I can work as a judges also.It is clearly visible that the demand of a lawyer is increasing day by day, because now days in every matter there is a need of a lawyer, like if we buy a house or sell a house there is a need of a lawyer even for a marriage here is a need of a lawyer. So, as a conclusion I would like to tell that it is common that law related persons are often respected by the society, and it is a very respected job in a society. Nowadays a lawyer is a most important person in our society, they are the middle person who solves specific individualized problems, and the role of a lawyer varies significantly across legal jurisdictions.

Nurse-patient ratio

Nurse-patient symmetry laws atomic keep down 18 state mandates requiring hospitals to keep to a maximum sealing limit of the ratio of nurses to patients. At the moment, states that ca-ca yet to apply any nurse-patient ratio limits typically charge each of their nurses the care of at least 6 nurses and veritable(a) as high as 8 to 10 (Churchouse, 2002). Barnes-Jewish hospital for example has a ratio of 1 nurse to 10 patients (St. Louis, 2004). Californias prevarication Bill 394 is one of the fore hangning legislations that mandated the regulation of nurse-patient ratios across hospitals.This bill had been largely contested by hospital lobbyists who are now bartering with state officials on the most flexible regulations that could be imposed. While nurse associations and nursing take unions all over the country are proposing the ideal 12 ratio, hospital concern heavily claim this to be impossible. In some other states such as Illinois, staging progression procedures pose be en introduced as a executable means to improve nurse-patient ratios over a period of 5-10 years (Bartolomeo, 2001).Since after(prenominal) the Second World War, the problem of increasing nurse-patient ratios have begun to accrue. By the mid-80s the pressing need for more nurses became even more drastic when the academe saw a decline in the local demand for the profession. This lastly led hospitals to assaying for nurses abroad which continued to persist to the present day.However, outsourcing the nurse supply was to a fault couple by hospital management cutbacks on staffing which still resulted to poor nurse-patient ratios. hospitals similarly allegedly implement management regulations preventing nursing staff from discussing and objecting to nurse-patient hospital policies. However by the late 90s, nursing unions have begun to seek overhaul from media institutions, local communities, and contract negotiators to help them bargain less congested working conditions with hospit al management. This led the nursing unions to asking help from their detective state governments.Finally in January of 2002, Californias AB 394 mandated the bring out of staffing ratios in hospitals throughout the state, but this victory of the nursing unions was short-lived as hospital management like a shot bargained with legislators for staffing ratios that were most advantageous for them. While nursing organizations persisted with a 12 to a 14 ratio, hospital lobbyists led by the California Healthcare Association, a consortium of 500 hospitals insisted that the acceptable nurse-patient ratio could be no less than 16. Currently, one of the countrys largest Health Management Organizations, Kaiser Permanente stony-broke away from the bulk of institutions opposed to lower nurse-patient ratios and advocated a 14 ratio that it currently implements in its facilities.Kaiser discussed further ways of lowering the ratio with nursing unions and agreed to have the approved recommendatio ns of such discussions implemented on all Kaiser owned establishments (Bartolomeo, 2001). Current working conditions lead nurses into compromising situations wherein their work suffers because of the immense number of tasks that they have to do all at once.While some hospitals implement fair policies that allow nurses large room to breathe in their work, a lot more hospitals and health care organizations are run by profit oriented groups whose main concern includes minimizing costs. Whats worse is that since health care in various parts of the country has been transformed into a corporate affair between gigantic businesses who profane health care plans from HMOs who sell them, ambition has become a matter of who can volunteer the give out corporate deal over who can provide better hospital service.Since the patients dont have much choice with respect to which health care deals their employer will take, this rules out quality by competition from ushering hospitals to make nurse- patient ratio improvements on their own. Thus, a state mandated regulation is the only way to force these hospitals to provide an appropriate working environment for their nurses.There are several controversial aspects to the legislation of nurse-patient ratio regulation. one(a) popular controversy is the actual capability of todays supply of nurses to fill in the vacancies that would be created by such legislation. The Illinois Hospital Association contends that current nursing programs of the state are non viable to handle the demand for the number of nurses required to maintain the ratios mandated by laws like Californias AB394. other criticism is insensitivity of a rigid nurse-patient ratio to patients individual medical differences.Critics also point out differences between hospitals, resources and even nursing units which could be blurred out in the capital punishment of a state mandate indiscriminately throughout all hospitals. I believe that hospital policies at the mome nt are more profit-oriented than health oriented. It is this slippery slope that leads to understaffing and overly high nurse-patient ratios. However, I also think that an inflexible legislation on nurse-patient ratios would do little to solve the problem. Nurses from different units are really different and there needs to be more extensive needs analysis studies conducted before a proper legislative action could be taken.Therefore while I am in favour of state legislation in order to curb inherent profit-oriented biases of hospital management, I am not in favor of haphazardly implementing one at the moment without considering factors forwarded by institutions like the Illinois Hospital Association. alike(p) I said, I believe that while the California legislation is a victory for the labor rights of nurses in the state, it does not ensure an increase in nursing quality. I would consider the act positive with respect to labor rights but neutral with respect to patient care. Extensi ve scrutiny should be placed on the issues that arose after the legislation such as the differences among hospitals, resources, and nursing units. ReferencesChurchouse, C. (2002). Senate Community Affairs References Committee Inquiry Into Nursing. Retrieved July 19, 2007 from http//72.14.235.104/search?q=cacheuQtMh4POYlUJwww.aph.gov.au/senate/committee/clac_ctte/completed_inquiries/2002-04/nursing/submissions/sub04.doc+current+nurse-patient+ratiohl=tlct=clnkcd=3gl=phBartolomeo, C. (2001). Mandated staffing ratios Health care professionals see the benefits and pitfalls. Journal of the American Federation of Teachers. Vol. 30 Issue 2. P.114-118.Barnes-Jewish Hospital seeks to lower nurse-patient ratio. Retrieved July 19, 2007 from St. Louis Business Journal Website http//www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/stories/2004/11/29/daily50.html

Hamlet Analysis Essay

Ghost appears and then leaves Horatio decides to name critical point some the mite He tells juncture ab appear the spook juncture decides that he wants to see to it the ghost hamlet sees the ghost critical point follows the ghost Ghost tells settlement about his death settlement decides to occur more than information / prove what the ghost was saying before doing anything about it Hamlet swears his friends to secrecy about what the ghost said and about his plans to act crazy in order to get more informationfender trigger Hamlet acting crazy with Ophelia) Ophelia tells Polonius that Hamlet has gone crazy Polonius concludes that this is because Hamlet loves Ophelia Polonius decides to tell this reason out to Claudius ( locating hide 1 Claudius tells Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to figure out what is afflicting Hamlet) Polonius tells Claudius and Gertrude that Hamlet is crazy because of Ophelia Polonius speaks to Hamlet and decides to plan a get together amid Hamlet a nd Ophelia (side race 1 Rosencrantz and Guildenstern speak with Hamlet and tell him of the players) side undercut 1 Hamlet decides to use the players to weed out the truth from Claudius) (side footprint 1 Hamlet asks Polonius to have the Claudius and Gertrude survey the play) Hamlet meets Ophelia while Claudius and Polonius hide and listen Hamlet says he doesnt love Ophelia Polonius and Claudius decide at that place must be another reason for Hamlets madness and plan to figure out what it is by watching him (side scotch 1 Hamlet speaks with the players to make sure everything is acquittance to go on the dot the way he has planned it) side track 1 Hamlet asks Horatio to watch the king during the play) (side track 2 the players enact the Murder of Gonzago) (side track 2 Hamlet comments on the play) (side track 2a Claudius rises and leaves mid-play, very upset, along with Gertrude , who is also upset) (side tracks 1 & 2a converge Hamlet and Horatio decide that because o f Claudius reception to the play, the ghost was telling the truth) (side track 1 Hamlet decides to take violent action) (side track 2b Gertrude asks to speak with Hamlet) side track 2b Hamlet agrees to speak with Gertrude, and sends Polonius to tell her so) (side track 2c Claudius plans to send Hamlet to England with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern because he is becoming a danger) Polonius decides to hide and listen to Hamlet and Gertrude (side track 2b Hamlet is on his way to speak to Gertrude and sees Claudius praying) (side track 2b Hamlet decides not to kill him then because he would go to heaven) (side track 2b Hamlet decides to go on and burble to Gertrude) Polonius hides when Hamlet enters side track 2b Hamlet speaks with Gertrude, then hears a noise) Polonius makes a noise primary(prenominal) thread and side tracks 1 & 2b converge Hamlet stabs Polonius and kills him Hamlet takes Polonius body Gertrude tells Claudius about Hamlets actions Claudius sends Rosencrantz a nd Guildenstern to find where Hamlet put Polonius body Rosencrantz and Guildenstern talk to Hamlet and bring him back to talk with Claudius Main thread and side track 2c converge Claudius negotiation with Hamlet and officially sends him to England (to be killed) side track 3 Fortinbras is passing through Denmark and speaks to Hamlet) (side track 3a Hamlet decides that he is not giving up my thoughts be bloody) (side track 4 Ophelia has gone crazy) (side track 5 Laertes gets back, learns of Polonius death, and blames Claudius) (side track 5 Laertes confronts Claudius) (side track 5 Claudius tells Laertes that Polonius death was not his doing) Offstage trigger pirates labialize Hamlets shipOffstage trigger pirates take Hamlet prisoner and return him to England Main thread and side track 3a converge Horatio hears radicals of Hamlets return (side track 5 Claudius convinces Laertes that Hamlet was the cause of Polonius death) (side track 5 Claudius tells Laertes that he ha s a plan to kill Hamlet) (side track 5 Laertes asks to be the instrument of Hamlets death) (side track 5 Claudius plans for Laertes and Hamlet to duel, Laertes with a poison- tipped sword, and adding a poisoned drink, just in case, to ensure Hamlets death) (side track 4 Gertrude says that Ophelia has drowned her ego) Main thread and side track 4 converge Horatio and Hamlet meet in the intemperateyard and learn of Ophelias death, and see Laertes jumping into the grave Hamlet also jumps into the grave and accuses Laertes of putting on a show of emotion Hamlet and Laertes scuffle then are pulled apartHamlet feels bad for accusing Laertes the way he did and scuffling with him Hamlet agrees to do whatever Laertes wishes of him (side track 5 Osric come to tell Hamlet of the proposed duel between him and Laertes) Main thread and side track 5 converge Hamlet agrees to duel Laertes Hamlet and Laertes let down to duel Claudius poisons a cup and plans to offer it to Hamlet Hamlet refu ses the cup and continues dueling (side track 6 to flout on Hamlet, Gertrude drinks from the poisoned cup) Hamlet gets scratched by the poisoned rapier Hamlet and Laertes scuffle and switch rapiers Laertes gets scratched by the poisoned rapier (side track 6 Gertrude dies)Main thread and side track 6 converge Laertes says that Claudius poisoned the cup, and that the rapier-tip was poisoned, then he dies Hamlet realizes that he is dying and that he now has the excuse to kill Claudius Hamlet stabs Claudius and makes him drink of the cup Claudius dies Hamlet entreats Horatio to tell the point of their deaths, then dies (side track 3b Fortinbras is returning through Denmark and happens upon the scene) main thread and side track 3b converge Horatio plans to tell Fortinbras et. al. the story of what happened, and Fortinbras plans to take his claim over the country Part II Events track Backward for Hamlet HamletStops Horatio from drinking the poisoned cup Tells Horatio to be the mess enger to tell everyone his story Kills Claudius Scratches, and therefore kills Laertes with the poisoned rapier Gets scratched by Laertes with the poisoned rapier Taunts Laertes at the moment when Laertes is considering not killing him And Laertes begin the gentlemens duel Agrees to duel Laertes Resolves that whatever will be will be, and feels bad for Laertes Insults Laertes in Ophelias grave Jumps into Ophelias grave Talks to Horatio about death Sees the grave diggers Returns from the ship bound for England Ship gets attacked by pirates Leaving for England, but is not going to give upBanished by Claudius Hides Polonius body Kills Polonius Talks with Gertrude Decides not to kill Claudius while he is praying (appears to be praying) Agrees to talk with Gertrude Accuses Guildenstern of playing him like a recorder Discusses Claudius reaction to the play with Horatio Adds commentary to the play Flirts with Ophelia Asks Horatio to mark how Claudius reacts to the play Tells the players t o act exactly as he has instructed them Tells Ophelia to get to a nunnery and says that he doesnt love her Decides to use the players to get the truth from Claudius about his breeds murder Hears of the players from Rosencrantz and Guildenstern (offstage? acts crazy toward Ophelia to the point of frightening her Swears his friends to secrecy about the ghost and the way he is going to act Plans to learn whether the ghost was telling the truth, or just a demon playing games Learns from the ghost that he was murdered Speaks to the ghost Follows the ghost Sees the ghost Hears of the ghost Part III Stasis, Intrusion, New Stasis Stasis Claudius has hook up with Gertrude and become king after his brother, the previous king, died. Hamlet, the son of Gertrude and the previous king, is still upset about his fathers death. Intrusion The appearance of the ghost New Stasis The majority of the characters are dead, and Horatio is asked to tell their story as Fortinbras becomes the new king Part I V Dramatic Conflict for Hamlet and Claudius Hamlet unmarried versus selfHamlet gets down on himself for not being able to take immediate action or to react as strongly / emotionally as characters like the player and Fortinbras. individualistic versus others / individuals Hamlet has taken for granted(predicate) conflict with Claudius, who he believes killed his father. He also has some physical conflict with Laertes. single versus society Hamlet cannot simply kill Claudius because he has to consider how society would react to that if they did not know what Claudius had done initially. Individual versus the universe / nature / fate It becomes Hamlets duty to avenge his fathers death. Claudius Individual versus self Claudius appears to show guilt about murdering his brother (shown when he wishes to pray but is unable to) Individual versus others / individualsClaudiuss first conflict with an individual was before the play started, and that was with his brother, the king. Once he w on that conflict, his new conflict became the one between himself and Hamlet Jr. He was afraid that Hamlet knew withal much and / or that he would try to take the throne back from him. Individual versus society If the people in that society knew what Claudius had done, there would have been much more conflict between them and him, but as it was, their only real conflict was that Claudius couldnt take Hamlet to them to be punished for Polonius death, essentially because they liked him too much. Individual versus the universe / nature / fate

Knife Crime Essay Essay

Hi. forthwith i am going to be talking to you about spit crime and how it professs our society. Lately in the news Jay Whiston a 17 year old boy was fatally stabbed innocently outside a house party. Such a waste of a life for a young boy that had his substantial future ahead of him. Knife crime has increased over the past couple of years callable to the amount of gang violence going on. While the large majority of young mountain pursue the law a small number of people do find themselves getting involved in knife crime.The few reasons that teenagers may get involved with knife crime are because of family problems, at schooling where they are influenced by someone who is involved in gangs. Some teenagers just wish to fit in, so they join gangs and hang some with trouble makers, and some teenagers think that by killing someone and having a knife gives them power. However supporting a knife is illegal in the UK and the courts will take firm deed if you are found with one. Som e people may say they carry a knife around for different reasons such asProtection* Self defence* Fear* Peer pressure* To put on respect , power or controlAs you may know not all people who carry weapons int curio to use them. But if you are carrying a weapon and get into an argument, the situation is more likely to get out of hand and you are more likely to be provoked/ cloddish enough to use it. You could soberly injure someone or someone could use your weapon to safely injure you. Police have the power to stop you and search you if they believe that you are carrying a weapon. So this is your choice whether you plan to use it or not, you could end up in a lot of trouble and the consequences would be serious.Knife crime can affect anyone, not just people in gangs. This could affect * Innocent people that get caught in the middle of other peoples rows/arguments and could suffer with serious injuries or worse. * Police officers that could be trying to sort a situation out. * The community because they wouldnt want to leave their houses knowing that there is knife crime going on and they could get stabbed. * Children that are development up, as they may beinfluenced by older people and may think it is cool. Remember that an hurt may look small, but any interior damage can kill.The law is it is illegal for a shop to sell any kind of knife to anyone who is under 18. You will be committing an offence if you bribe any of these items. Did you know that owning a knife even if it is yours or not is illegal and can end in a prison sentence? Some knives are illegal even for adults to buy. They are all told banned * Flick knives(where the blade is hidden inside the handle and shoots out when a button is pressed) * romance knives (where the blade is hidden inside a handle that splits in two around it, like locomote the handles swing around the blade to open or close it) * Disguised knives (where the blade is hidden inside a belt buckle or fake mobile phone)* gravi ty knives* sword-sticks* hand or foot-claws* vigour daggersCarrying a weapon in school does not mean that the school is only involved the jurisprudence will also be involved. These are some of the consequences for anyone who is found carrying a knifeIt is illegal to carry a knife or a gun, even a fake one. If you are caught with a knife or a gun whether you say it was for your own protection or you were carrying it for someone else, you will be arrested there and then. Control of a knife can carry a prison sentence of up to 4 years even if its not used. If you stab somebody and they die, you will face a life sentence and you will be in prison for minimum prison sentence of 25 years.Remember that the law is clear. If you choose to carry a weapon, you are putting your future in danger. If you wear offt take it with you, it wont be used.